ip a / ip r
IPs and routes
ip a
ip r
network
ss -tulpn
Listening TCP/UDP sockets
sudo ss -tulpn | grep LISTEN
network
ping / traceroute / mtr
Connectivity & path
ping 1.1.1.1
traceroute 1.1.1.1
mtr -rw 1.1.1.1
network
dig / nslookup
DNS queries
dig +short A example.com
dig @1.1.1.1 MX example.com
dns
resolvectl
systemd-resolved status
resolvectl status
dnssystemd
nmap -sV
Port scan + service detect
nmap -sV -Pn 192.168.2.0/24
scan
curl -I / -v
HTTP headers and verbose
curl -I https://example.com
curl -v https://example.com
http
nft list ruleset
View firewall rules
sudo nft list ruleset
firewall
wg / wg-quick
WireGuard status & control
wg show
sudo wg-quick up wg0
vpnwireguard
tcpdump
Packet capture
sudo tcpdump -ni any port 443
debug